Cruel OptimismA relation of cruel optimism exists when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing. Offering bold new ways of conceiving the present, Lauren Berlant describes the cruel optimism that has prevailed since the 1980s, as the social democratic promise of the postwar period in the United States and Europe has retracted. People have remained attached to unachievable fantasies of the good life with its promises of upward mobility, job